Salvia ceratophylla from Jordan: Volatile Organic Compounds, Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity

Abstract

This work aimed at evaluating the chemical composition of the hydro-distilled essential oils of fresh and air-dried Salvia ceratophylla growing wild in Jordan by GC/MS in addition to evaluating the actual composition of the volatile orgainc compounds (VOC’s) extracted by SPME (Solid Phase Micro-Extraction) of S. certaphylla fresh roots and flowers at the pre-, full and post-flowering stages. Different classes of terpenoids at varying concentrations were detected. The hydro-distilled oil of fresh flowers was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (27.26 %) while the air dried flowers contained oxygenated monoterpenes as the main constituents (58.28 %). The VOC’s profile of the roots and the flowers during the pre-, full and post-flowering stages contained monoterpene hydrocarbons as the main constituents (60.14 %; 80.49 %; 92.28 %; 59.66 %, respectively). In addition, the hydro-alcoholic extracts obtained from the aerial flowering parts of S. ceratophylla showed interesting antioxidant activity on ABTS^•+ assay (IC₅₀ 0.09 (mg/mL) ± 2.91) as compared to that of the DPPH assay (IC₅₀ 0.11 (mg/mL) ± 1.85).